沙尘暴是怎么形成的英语翻译
CATTI 2级-19汉译英减词
减少重复词语
1.对文人来说，松象征着长寿和坚韧，象征着友谊常青。
For scholars, the pine is the emblem of longevity and tenacity, as well as constancy in friendship.
转译-常青的友谊：友谊常青：constancy friendship
emblem /ˈembləm/ n.徽章，符号；象征，标志&v
tenacity /təˈnæsəti/ n.顽强，执着，坚持；黏性
2.春节期间，中国人要去拜年，先给父母长辈拜年，再到亲戚朋友家拜年。
春节：Spring Festival
During Spring Festival, people will pay New Year’s visits, first to their parents and elders, and then to their relatives and friends.
3.在京剧中，红色脸谱代表正直，黑色脸谱代表忠诚，白色脸谱代表奸诈。
In the Beijing opera, a red mask represents /ˌreprɪˈzent/ uprightness, a black mask, fidelity, and a white one, treachery.
小句如何连接：
Beijing opera: 京剧 脸谱mask
righteousness/uprightness：正直 royalty/fidelity:/fɪˈdeləti/忠诚
righteous/ˈraɪtʃəs/adj.正直的treachery /ˈtretʃəri/ n.背叛；背叛行为-奸诈
4.中国的发展是和平的发展、开放的发展、合作的发展、共赢的发展。
China’s development is peaceful, open, cooperative and win-win in nature.
和平的peaceful合作的cooperative共赢的win-win双赢
5.要节约资源和保护环境，着力推进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展。
We should be committed to conserving resources and protecting the environment, and strive for green, circular and low-carbon development.
节约资源：conserve resources 循环的：cicular 低碳的：low-carbon
6.中国人民渴望世界持久和平，促进共同发展和共同繁荣。
渴望：long for… 繁荣: prosperity
Chinese people long for a lasting world peace so as to promote common development and prosperity.
7.尤其是一些四字词汇如日新=月异，延年=益寿，长治=久安，大彻=大悟。
加入世贸组织给中国人民带来许多看得见、摸得着的好处。
看得见=摸得着 tangible benefits: 有形的利益
加入：entry=enter v.
The WTO membership has brought the Chinese people many tangible benefits.
8.事实将继续证明，选择中国是跨国公司兴旺发达的明智之举、上乘之策。
Facts will continue to prove that to come and do business in China is a wise decision for multinationals to grow their business.
简化定语短语:for跨国公司to 兴旺发达
明智之举=上乘之策 wise decision:明智的决定
跨国公司：multinationals/ transnationals
时态：一般将来时
Facts will continue to prove that to come and do business in China is a wise decision for multinationals to grow their business.
9.福兮祸所伏，祸兮福所倚。weal /wiːl/悲哀，灾难woe/wəʊ/
No weal without woe. 福利，幸福
荣辱与共：share weal and woe
减去范畴词语：“现象”“局面”“状态”等。
-沙尘暴“现象”：译 沙尘暴
1.中国传统文化强调“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情操。
中国强调文化性质-英：传统中国文化
爱国情操：patriotic/ˌpætriˈɒtɪk/ n. /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/ patriotism爱国主义
天下兴亡，匹夫有责：主语：匹夫everyone谓语：有责be responsible for…
宾语：天下兴亡the rise or fall of the country
Traditional Chinese culture emphasizes patriotism as embodied in the saying that “everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the coutry.
2.世界有些地区扔未结束社会动荡和纷乱不安的局面。
动荡upheaval /ʌpˈhiːv(ə)l/n. unrest不安n.
--社会动荡和纷乱不安在世界有些地区扔未结束。
The social unrest and upheaval has not been put an end to in some regions in the world.
3.一些领域腐败现象易多发，反腐斗争形势依然严峻。
n.腐败corruption v. corrupt 一些领域腐败易多发，反腐斗争依然严峻。
Some sectors are prone to corruption, and the fight against corruption remains a serious challenge.
减少多/rěn余的词语
1.瓷器是我们每天都要用到的生活用品。
Porcelains are our daily utensils.
daily utensil :生活用品。
Porcelains /ˈpɔːsəlɪn/.n china瓷器
2.房子坐北朝南的传统一直延续到今天，农村地区更是保留着这样的传统。
坐北朝南：back to the north and front to the south
The traditional of the house to have its back to the north and front to the south has come down to the present, especially in rural areas.
中国北方人会说，广东人天上飞的，除了飞机不吃其他都吃；地上跑的，除了火车不吃，其他都吃；水里游的，除了船不吃其他都吃。Cantonese /ˌkæntəˈniːz/
People in northern China say that Cantonese people will eat anything that flies except airplanes, anything that moves on the ground except trains, and anything that moves in the water except boats.
减少表示修辞的词语-英文翻译体现比喻的意义
1.历史上，亚洲人民在掌握民族命运的斗争中曾经并肩战斗、风雨同舟。
肩并肩：shoulder to shoulder在斗争中 in the struggle
In the history, the people of Asia stood shoulder to shoulder in the struggle to gain control of their own destinies.
2.中英两国无数民众的参与，一定能够为中英友好注入源头活水，让友谊之树繁茂长青。源头活水-意义：vigour/vitality:活力，生命力
友谊之树繁茂长青：as a green friendship
-1.When a great number of people from both China and UK are engaged in the cause, friendship between our two countries will enjoy even stronger vitality.
参与：participation
-2. With the participation of a great number of people from both China and UK are engaged in the cause, friendship between our two countries will enjoy even stronger vitality.
减词总结：
1. 减少重复词语
2. 减少重复信息
3.减少/去掉范畴词语：现象等
4.减少语义冗长rong的词语
5. 减少表示修饰的词语-删除修辞意象，表达意义
